Isesengura ry'ibyiza by'imashini zo gupakira mu Bushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga

Intangiriro

Bitewe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ubufatanye bw’ubukungu ku isi, ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bugira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’ibihugu bitandukanye. Nk’igihugu kinini ku isi gikora ibintu byinshi, Ubushinwa Imashini yo gupakiraInganda z’ubucuruzi zarushijeho kugaragara ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Iyi raporo izatanga isesengura rirambuye ry’ibyiza by’imashini zo gupakira mu Bushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga uhereye ku bintu nk’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, ipiganwa ku biciro, ndetse n’ibikenewe ku isoko.

1. Ibyiza by'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa

1.1 Sisitemu nziza yo gukora

Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’iterambere, inganda z’imashini zo gupakira mu Bushinwa zashyizeho uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukora. Kuva ku kugura ibikoresho fatizo, gukora no gutunganya, gupima ibicuruzwa kugeza kuri serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha, byose bifite amahame n’inzira zihamye zo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Ibi byagiye birushaho kunoza izina ry’ibicuruzwa by’imashini zo gupakira mu Bushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga ndetse binatsindira amadosiye menshi ku bigo by’Abashinwa.

1.2 Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bikungahaye

Inganda z’imashini zipakira mu Bushinwa zifite umurongo w’ibicuruzwa byinshi, ukubiyemo gupakira ubwiza, gupakira imiti, gupakira imiti ya buri munsi n’ibindi. Ibi bituma amasosiyete ashobora guhindura vuba ingamba zo gukora kugira ngo ahuze n’ibyo abakiriya bakeneye mu gihe bahura n’ibikenewe ku isoko bivuye mu bihugu bitandukanye n’uturere. Muri icyo gihe, umurongo w’ibicuruzwa byinshi unatanga amahirwe menshi yo kwagura isoko ku masosiyete y’imashini zipakira mu Bushinwa.

2. Ibyiza byo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga

2.1 Ishoramari rihoraho mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yakomeje kongera inkunga yayo mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, kandi ishoramari mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere mu nganda zikora imashini zipfunyika naryo ryiyongereye uko umwaka utashye. Amasosiyete menshi yashyizeho amashami yayo bwite mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, ashyiraho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gihugu no mu mahanga n'ibikoresho kugira ngo akomeze kunoza ikoranabuhanga ry'ibicuruzwa byabo.

2.2 Ibyagezweho mu guhanga udushya twinshi mu ikoranabuhanga

Hamwe n’ishoramari rihoraho mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, udushya mu ikoranabuhanga twagezweho n’inganda z’imashini zipakira mu Bushinwa turiyongera cyane. Ibicuruzwa bishya n’ikoranabuhanga rishya by’ibigo byinshi byakunzwe cyane kandi bishimirwa mu imurikagurisha ryo mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Urugero, ikoreshwa ry’imashini zipakira zihuta cyane, sisitemu z’ikoranabuhanga zikoresha ikoranabuhanga n’izindi koranabuhanga byahaye ibikoresho by’imashini zipakira mu Bushinwa inyungu zikomeye mu mikorere myiza, kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije.

3. Inyungu ku irushanwa ry'ibiciro

3.1 Inyungu ku kiguzi

Nk'igihugu gikomeye ku isi gikora ibikoresho, Ubushinwa bufite abakozi benshi n'uruhererekane rwuzuye rw'inganda. Ibi bituma amasosiyete y'imashini zo gupakira mu Bushinwa agabanya neza ikiguzi cy'umusaruro no kunoza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo kubitunganya. Byongeye kandi, politiki za leta y'Ubushinwa zishyigikira inganda z'imashini zo gupakira nazo zatanze inkunga ikomeye mu iterambere ry'ibigo.

3.2 Ihangana rikomeye ku biciro

Hashingiwe ku nyungu z'ikiguzi, ibiciro by'imashini zo gupakira mu Bushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga ni ingenzi cyane. Ugereranyije n'ibicuruzwa byo mu bihugu byateye imbere nka Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, imashini zo gupakira zikorerwa mu Bushinwa zirahendutse kandi imikorere yazo n'ubwiza bwazo ntabwo biri hasi. Ibi byatumye imashini zo gupakira mu Bushinwa zikomeza kwagura umugabane wazo ku isoko mpuzamahanga no kuba ikirango gikunzwe mu bihugu byinshi no mu turere twinshi. Nk'imwe mu mashini zo gupakira zoroshye (dose imwe). Imashini yo kuzuza )yakozwe n'imashini ya Beijing Poemy yakoreshwaga mu gupakira ibintu birimo amazi n'ibikomoka ku mazi, nk'ubuki, jeli ya sildenafil yo mu kanwa, imiti y'ubuvuzi, sirupe, n'ibindi, iyo uyiguze i Burayi, igura arenga miliyoni 2 z'ama-CNY, ariko ni uguze muri Poemy machine yo mu Bushinwa, ihendutse cyane.

4. Ibyiza ku isoko

4.1 Ubusabe bukabije ku isoko mpuzamahanga

Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’isi, icyifuzo cy’imashini zipfunyika mu bihugu bitandukanye kiriyongera. Cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, bitewe n’urwego ruto rw’inganda, ubushobozi bw’imashini zipfunyika ni bwinshi cyane. Ibi bitanga isoko rinini ku bigo by’imashini zipfunyika byo mu Bushinwa.

4.2 Amahirwe yo ku isoko yazanywe na gahunda ya Belt and Road

Bitewe n’iterambere ry’umushinga wa “Umukandara umwe, Umuhanda umwe”, icyifuzo cy’ubwubatsi bw’ibikorwa remezo n’iterambere ry’inganda mu bihugu biri muri urwo rugendo gikomeje kwiyongera. Ibi bitanga amahirwe mashya ku isoko ry’ibigo by’Abashinwa bikora imashini zipfunyika. Mu kwitabira imishinga y’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, ibigo by’Abashinwa bishobora kwagura amasoko yo mu mahanga no kunoza ingaruka mpuzamahanga z’ibirango byabo.

5. Umwanzuro

Uko byagenda kose, ibyiza by’imashini zo gupakira mu Bushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga bigaragarira mu bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, ipiganwa ku biciro ndetse n’ibyifuzo by’isoko. Ariko, mu gihe habayeho ipiganwa rikomeye mpuzamahanga ndetse n’imiterere y’isoko idasobanutse neza, amasosiyete y’imashini zo gupakira mu Bushinwa aracyakeneye gukomeza kunoza imbaraga zayo no gukomeza ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga no kubaka ikirango kugira ngo ahangane n’ibibazo biri imbere. Muri icyo gihe, leta igomba kandi gukomeza kongera inkunga ku nganda zikora imashini zo gupakira, kunoza politiki z’inganda, no gutanga ibidukikije byiza by’iterambere ku bigo. Muri ubu buryo gusa ni bwo inganda z’imashini zo gupakira mu Bushinwa zishobora gukomeza kugira amahirwe yo guhangana ku isoko mpuzamahanga no kugera ku iterambere rirambye.