Ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo zemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe

isingeniso

Njengoba kuqhubeka intuthuko yokuhlanganiswa komnotho womhlaba wonke, ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wamazwe ahlukahlukene. Njengezwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elikhiqizayo, iShayina Umshini WokupakishaImboni ye-ry isiye yaba sobala kakhulu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Lo mbiko uzohlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezinzuzo zemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe kusukela ezicini ezifana nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuncintisana kwamanani, kanye nesidingo semakethe.

1. Izinzuzo zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo

1.1 Uhlelo lokukhiqiza oluphelele

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yentuthuko, imboni yemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina yakhe uhlelo lokukhiqiza oluphelele. Kusukela ekuthengweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokucubungula, ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo kuya kwensizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa, zonke izici zinezindinganiso nezinqubo eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi. Lokhu kuye kwathuthukisa kancane kancane idumela lemikhiqizo yemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe futhi kwawina ama-oda engeziwe ezinkampanini zaseShayina.

1.2 Imigqa yemikhiqizo ecebile

Imboni yemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina inomugqa wemikhiqizo ocebile, ohlanganisa ukupakisha kwezimonyo, ukupakisha kwemithi, ukupakisha kwamakhemikhali kwansuku zonke kanye neminye imikhakha. Lokhu kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zilungise ngokushesha amasu okukhiqiza ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende lapho zibhekene nezidingo zemakethe ezivela emazweni nasezifundeni ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imigqa yemikhiqizo ecebile iphinde inikeze amathuba amaningi okukhulisa imakethe ezinkampanini zemishini yokupakisha zaseShayina.

2. Izinzuzo zokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe

2.1 Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kwe-R&D

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhulumeni waseShayina uqhubeke nokwandisa ukwesekwa kwawo kokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, kanti nokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D embonini yemishini yokupakisha nakho kuye kwanda unyaka nonyaka. Izinkampani eziningi ziye zasungula iminyango yazo ye-R&D, zethula ubuchwepheshe kanye nemishini ethuthukisiwe yasekhaya neyakwamanye amazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe njalo okuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe bemikhiqizo yazo.

2.2 Impumelelo ecebile yobuchwepheshe obusha

Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, impumelelo yobuchwepheshe obusha embonini yemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina iya ngokuya iba ningi. Imikhiqizo emisha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bezinkampani eziningi zithole ukunakwa nokunconywa kabanzi emibukisweni yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokupakisha ezenzakalelayo esheshayo, izinhlelo zokuthutha ezihlakaniphile kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe kunikeze imikhiqizo yemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina izinzuzo ezinkulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza, ukulondolozwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

3. Inzuzo yokuncintisana ngentengo

3.1 Inzuzo yezindleko

Njengezwe elikhulu lokukhiqiza emhlabeni, iShayina inezinsizakusebenza eziningi kanye nochungechunge oluphelele lwezimboni. Lokhu kwenza izinkampani zemishini yokupakisha zaseShayina zikwazi ukunciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubomgomo zokusekela zikahulumeni waseShayina embonini yemishini yokupakisha nazo zinikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kwentuthuko yamabhizinisi.

3.2 Ukuncintisana okukhulu kwamanani

Ngokusekelwe ezinzuzweni zezindleko, ukuncintisana kwentengo kwemikhiqizo yemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo evela emazweni athuthukile njengeYurophu ne-United States, imishini yokupakisha ekhiqizwa eShayina ishibhile kakhulu futhi ukusebenza kwayo kanye nekhwalithi yayo akuphansi. Lokhu kuye kwenza imishini yokupakisha yaseShayina yakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwandisa isabelo sayo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe futhi ibe uphawu oluthandwayo emazweni amaningi nasezifundeni. Njengomunye wemishini yokupakisha elula (umthamo owodwa). Umshini Wokugcwalisa )Yenziwe yimishini ye-Beijing Poemy eyayisetshenziselwa ukupakisha imikhiqizo ewuketshezi oluyi-semi-liquid kanye nemikhiqizo ewuketshezi, njengoju, i-sildenafil oral jelly, imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwempilo, isiraphu, njll., uma uthenga lo mshini eYurophu, izindleko zawo zingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili zama-CNY, kodwa uma uthenga kumishini ye-Poemy eShayina, kushibhile kakhulu.

4. Izinzuzo zesidingo semakethe

4.1 Isidingo esikhulu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe

Ngokuthuthuka komnotho womhlaba wonke, isidingo semishini yokupakisha emazweni ahlukahlukene siyakhula. Ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokuthuthuka kwezimboni, amandla okufunwa kwemishini yokupakisha makhulu. Lokhu kunikeza isikhala esikhulu semakethe yezinkampani zemishini yokupakisha zaseShayina.

4.2 Amathuba emakethe alethwe yiBelt and Road Initiative

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kohlelo lwe-“One Belt, One Road”, isidingo sokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda kanye nentuthuko yezimboni emazweni aseduze nomzila siyaqhubeka nokukhula. Lokhu kunikeza amathuba amasha emakethe ezinkampanini zemishini yokupakisha zaseShayina. Ngokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kumaphrojekthi okubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, izinkampani zaseShayina zingandisa kakhulu izimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle futhi zithuthukise ithonya lamazwe ngamazwe lemikhiqizo yazo.

5. Isiphetho

Noma kunjalo, izinzuzo zemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe zibonakala ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuncintisana kwamanani kanye nesidingo semakethe. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okunzima kakhulu kanye nesimo semakethe esingaqinisekile, izinkampani zemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina zisadinga ukuthuthukisa amandla azo njalo futhi ziqinise ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko kanye nokwakha uphawu ukuze zibhekane nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhulumeni kufanele futhi aqhubeke nokwandisa ukwesekwa kwemboni yemishini yokupakisha, enze ngcono izinqubomgomo zezimboni, futhi ahlinzeke ngendawo enhle yokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho imboni yemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina ingagcina khona inzuzo yayo yokuncintisana emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe futhi ifinyelele intuthuko esimeme.